Resize a video to 3840x2160, the 4K UHD frame.
Upscaling is interpolation
Scaling up invents pixels by reading between the ones that exist. No detail is recovered. The pixel count roughly quadruples from 1080p, the file grows in proportion, and any blocking or ringing already in the source is magnified along with the picture.
There are two honest reasons to do it anyway. A platform or client that rejects anything under 4K, and a platform whose 2160p encoding tier is funded better than its 1080p one, which can make the delivered stream look better even to viewers watching at 1080p.
Neither reason is “it will look sharper”. The tool says so when the target exceeds the source.
UHD is not DCI 4K
3840x2160 is UHD, the 16:9 consumer standard used by televisions, YouTube, and streaming services. DCI 4K is 4096x2160, slightly wider, and belongs to cinema delivery.
They are not interchangeable in a cinema pipeline. For DCI, type 4096 and 2160 on the full tool.
Export cost
Every frame is decoded, drawn at 8.3 megapixels, and encoded again. A 4K frame costs roughly four times what a 1080p frame does, so a 4K export usually runs slower than realtime and a long clip takes a while. Leave the tab open while it runs.