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Droste Effect Generator

Build a recursive image

Each level places another transformed copy of the original inside the previous frame. Scale per level controls the size ratio, Rotation per level accumulates a turn, and Recursion depth sets the number of nested copies.

Inset X and Inset Y move the recursion center away from the geometric middle. This lets the copies follow a held frame, screen, sign, or open area already present in the photograph.

Choose a source with a frame

The Droste illusion reads best when the image contains a clear region that can plausibly hold another copy. Screens, picture frames, cards, mirrors, and doorways supply that visual boundary. Without one, the copies float over the scene instead of appearing to belong inside it.

Strong single subjects also work: a face or product shot becomes a tunnel of itself even without a literal frame, especially with a few degrees of rotation per level.

Example: phone screen tunnel

Photograph someone holding a phone with its screen toward the camera. Set Scale per level so one copy roughly fits the screen, then walk Inset X and Inset Y until the second copy sits on the display. Every deeper level lands automatically, because each copy carries its own smaller screen in the same relative spot.

A depth of 6 with the default scale is usually enough; the seventh copy would be smaller than the screen’s pixels. Add 5 to 10 degrees of rotation per level if the straight tunnel feels too static.

Depth and resolution limits

High depth does not create infinite visible detail. A 62% scale halves the copy area roughly every two levels, so even a 4000px source runs out of pixels after 8 or 9 nestings. Export at the source’s full resolution when the inner levels matter, since the preview renders at a reduced size and merges the deepest copies sooner than the download will.

Frequently Asked Questions

Upload JPEG, PNG, or WebP. The download keeps the original format of the source file.

It sets how many progressively smaller source copies are placed inside the frame.

Small scale values and high depth pack many copies into a few pixels. Raise Scale per level or lower Recursion depth.

They shift the recursion center away from the geometric middle, so the nested copies can land on a screen, frame, or sign that sits off-center in the photo.

Each nested copy adds the same rotation on top of the previous one, so 10 degrees at depth 6 turns the innermost copy 60 degrees. Small values produce the classic spiral.

From a Dutch cocoa tin whose label showed a nurse holding the same tin, label included. The recursive-picture idea has carried the brand's name since the early 1900s.

No. Once a copy shrinks below a few pixels, interpolation merges its features into a blur. Stop at the depth where the center still shows a distinct shape.

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